Political Figures
Deng Xiaoping
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Deng Xiaoping became China's paramount leader in the late 1970s without holding its most senior formal titles, and initiated the Reform and Opening Up program that introduced market-oriented changes, including state-owned enterprises operating alongside private and foreign investment, transforming China's economy after decades of Maoist central planning. In June 1989 he was the senior leader who made the final decision to deploy the military against pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, resulting in a still-disputed death toll estimated from several hundred to well over a thousand.
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Cross-Tradition Connections
Advocated
Deng's Reform and Opening Up program, launched from 1978, introduced state-owned enterprises operating alongside private and foreign-invested firms, the state-capitalist arrangement China's economy still runs on.
Led
Deng was the Chinese Communist Party's paramount leader from the late 1970s until the early 1990s without holding its most senior formal titles.
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