Political Figures
Ibn Khaldun
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North African historian and scholar whose Muqaddimah, the introduction to his history of the Arabs and Berbers, developed a cyclical theory of the rise and fall of dynasties driven by asabiyyah, or group solidarity, which he held grows strong among tribal or frontier groups and then weakens as a dynasty settles into wealth and comfort, exposing it to conquest by a more cohesive rival. Widely regarded as a founding figure of historiography and sociology. He died in 1406.
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Muqaddimah, Documents Ibn Khaldun finished the Muqaddimah in 1377 during a retreat from political life, setting out his theory of asabiyyah and the cyclical rise and fall of dynasties.
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