Political Atlas

How Power Is Arranged
Systems of Government

Absolute Monarchy

Also Known As Absolutism

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An absolute monarchy is a system of government in which a single hereditary ruler holds legally unlimited authority, not subject to regular check by a legislature, court or electorate. Its clearest historical expression was in early modern Europe, associated with rulers such as Louis XIV of France, though the term also applies to present-day monarchies, including Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Eswatini and Oman, where a king or sultan still exercises executive, legislative and often judicial power directly. A constitutional monarchy, by contrast, binds the same office to a constitution and, in most modern cases, an elected government.

Facts
Disputed
Origin Year
1661 2
Absolute monarchy as a general form of rule is far older than any single dynasty and has no defensible single founding date; 1661 marks Louis XIV of France's assumption of personal rule after Cardinal Mazarin's death, the reign most often cited in the reference literature as the paradigm case of a European monarch ruling without a chief minister or an effective check from the nobility or an estates general.
Founding Context
Historically justified in Europe through the theological doctrine of the divine right of kings. 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

France, Countries

This source names France directly: "with rulers such as Louis XIV of France, though the term also applies to present-day monarchies, including Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Eswatini and Oman, where a king or sultan still exercises executive..."

Practiced By

Sources
1. Absolute Monarchy (Wikipedia)
WikipediaEuropean history context
Quote, European history context
Throughout much of European history, the divine right of kings was the theological justification for absolute monarchy.
View the Source
2. Absolutism (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaView the Source
Encyclopedia.com: Monarchy
Encyclopedia.com (Gale)Forms of Monarchy section
Quote, Forms of Monarchy section
In an absolute monarchy, the monarch possesses total power over the land and its inhabitants, and there is no authority or body of law above the monarch.
View the Source
Qing Dynasty (Britannica)
Practiced By: Qing Dynasty

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